Relações familiares e integralidade da saúde da mulher no climatério: significações construídas por usuárias e profissionais de saúde

Abstract

Brazilian population demographics outlines reveal that women tend to overcome men population contingent shortly, due to the higher lifespan, which brings consequences to the family ways of life and drives the development of researches towards to issues experienced by women in such context. A crescent number of women enter in climacteric, a female transition period between the reproductive and the non reproductive phase, privileged by the national policy for women integral healthcare. The general objective of this research is to analyze the climacteric phase under the aegis of integrality according to women attended in Family Health Unities. The specific objectives constituted in understanding the meaning of climacteric, the biopsychosocial factors experienced by women during this phase of their vital cycle and to identify the actions developed by health professionals from Family Health Teams to the women that experience the climacteric. The ethics of the research with human beings was respected, and the research project was approved by CEP. This is a qualitative study based on the Philosophical Hermeneutics, which has guided it, providing assumptions that allowed an interpretative approach to the empirical corpus. The field research was performed in Family Health Unities and at the homes of users living in the city of Jequié-BA. Seven health professionals and 10 climacteric women participated in this study. Data was collected based on the semi structured interview registered in audio and in field diary. Interviews analysis contemplated a Conceptual Map, which revealed relationships between the meaning nuclei that allowed the identification of the categories and subcategories. The results are presented from the categories - the woman facing the strange (giving a meaning to the climacteric); the climacteric towards the female contexts (perceptions of sexuality in climacteric; my body changed: and so what?; family: a locus to change); the health service and the climacteric woman: the users’ speech (who takes care of me?); woman health attention in climacteric: the health professional speech (the meaning of climacteric; giving a meaning to integrality; and the health service and the climacteric woman: the health professional look). The discussion shows that climacteric is still a little discussed subject in health area, but for women it means changes in their bodies, families, sexuality, acceleration of aging and they do not feel assisted in their complaints. For health professionals, climacteric is still a subject little studied by them, and they attribute it to deficiencies in their college education, which make them not feel prepared to develop health actions to the climacteric women and also to provide an integrative attention. It is highlighted the need of rebuilding the concept of climacteric, recognizing its subjectivity, feelings and emotions that are moving the women. The formation of Acquaintance Groups must be considered and it must be intensified the attention to the climacteric in PNAISM. It is required a profile change in the organization structure of the health attention, making real the integrality as an action articulated to a professional education policy, answering the needs of the climacteric women.