Construção do projeto ético político do serviço social a partir do estudo de caso de um Hospital Psiquiátrico da Bahia

Abstract

This study aims to reflect on the nature of the daily work of Social Workers, considering the assumptions of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, within the perspective of understanding how these professionals, through their work, can implement the Ethical and Political Project of that profession. This questioning starts from the reflection on two processes in the construction of the Brazilian social context, related to the professional performance of Social Workers inserted in Mental Health. These two processes are: the construction, trough the historical process of the organization of the Brazilian Social Work, of an Hegemonic Professional Ethical Political Project for that profession; and the consolidation, in the context of Brazilian Public Policies, of the process of giving social answers to the problem of the “madness” which, in the health environment, proposes a new way to the mental health services, called Psychiatric Reform. Considering that the two processes are complex, inserted in a contradictory social context, whose realization involves reflection and action of the concerned social subjects, the reality of existing factors, difficulties and contradictions that are determining them, may create improvements and retrogressions. The psychiatric Reform as well as the Ethical Political Project are enrolled in the fight between opponent social projects, subjected to the political and economic forces in presence. In that way, this research should contribute to maturing discussions on the professional achievement of Social Workers, through interdisciplinary relations, in the complex field of Mental Health, considering the cumulative ethical – political, theoretical – methodological and technical-operational development of this profession.This research aims to analyse how is constructed, in the daily work of Social Workers, the Ethical Political Project, into the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform proposals. The specific objectives are: Identify, in the work of Social Workers, through the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, the ethical-political, theoretical-methodological and technical-operational elements of the Ethical Political Project of Social Work; highlight the points of agreement or of divergence between the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the Ethical Political of Social Work. Therefore, an analytic and descriptive Case Study research design was used, selecting a Psychiatric Hospital of Salvador as research fieldwork, with the support of Anthony Giddens’s Structuration Theory, in an ethnographical perspective. As data collecting instruments were used interviews with key informants, apart documental and bibliographical reviews. The collected data were analysed with the Content Analysis Method of Bardin (2012). The triangulation of data sets, such as thread of the analysis, the existence of a dispute between the asylum Model and the Model of Psychosocial running through the history of the institution, with the signer latter Social Service.