Impactos ambientais na biota na construção de Usinas Hidreletricas - UHE: o caso do Rio São FRancisco

Abstract

The last few decades have been marked by growing concern about the effect of human activities on environmental sustainability, whose directional focus is ecological degradation and loss of ecological biodiversity. Because of these environmental problems, many scholars focused their research on the restoration and conservation of river ecosystems. For this, it’s necessary to understand the fluvial dynamics of the river and its ecological processes. This paper aims to draw up a proposal for a plan of management of environmental impacts in the construction of Hydropower Plants - HPP, building on the lower course of the São Francisco River. Were performed surveys of social-environmental characteristics, past and present; Had been collected five samples at four different points of rainfall data, fluviometric data and water quality of the lower São Francisco River in the Propriá City (SE), being the data flow and rainfall were analyzed and compared with two distinct points along the São Francisco River, upper and middle course; and confectioned an array of representative impacts, in which we selected some principal impacts considered for demonstration of the study. After the analysis of the samples revealed that there are changes mainly between flow maximum and minimum from the year 1987, but this change has occurred along the entire length of the river. Therefore, from these changes in fluvial regime, the quotas of the lower São Francisco region stayed disproportionate to the amount of rainfall, so then in dry seasons have become high quotas. Regarding water quality, it was found that among the points collected and collect period had data at odds with the pattern of CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, especially the pond Pindoba, however, these data collected in field visits aren´t conclusive, only an indication of the problem. So, related impacts in this research, as well as the correlation matrix of impacts, are just a demonstration of situations that occur in the present and need of attention. The studies weren´t conclusive, but it is an important warning to society and authorities, mainly to the population of the region low São Francisco. Thus it becomes necessary to adopt environmental management, which is a complex tool that requires a change of corporate performance, the population and the government. Facing this situation, presented an organization chart, which tries to harmonize interests and define a strategy for eco-development, achieving an equilibrium of sustainable ethical principle, showing that environmental stewardship starts before the pre-planning phase, from the study feasibility environmental, being conceived as an interactive step whose data feeds back the planning stages, this being an continuous process decisions for reliable management.