Desconstrução teórico contextual da aferição do capital social: o caso de municípios no semiárido baiano sob política pública 2005 a 2012

Abstract

The Theory of Social Capital has been used in scientific research, spatial analysis, planning, execution and management of public policies of emerging development spaces. Although there are significant changes in some poor rural spaces, from the implementation of public policies, as well as local movements with an associative profile, studies show that the socioeconomic profile of these spaces continues at a level of inequality, state dependence, precariousness of the basic structures of functioning of urban areas and especially of rural areas, not having characteristics in social relations that indicate the applicability of Social Capital Theory in the qualification of these spaces. Considering that Social Capital is present in the social relations of spaces in advanced development, this study is based on the systematic review of the sociological thinking of Social Capital Theory, and aims to show the universal inapplicability of this theory. The method used includes the survey of the main authors of this theory, from the 1910s to the 21st Century, includes the perceptions of the manifestations of Social Capital in 6 European Union countries visited between 2015 and 2017 and the bibliographical survey on the rural profile of the countries visited. It was used the case of five towns of the Semiárido Baiano, identified with Social Capital, under a rural poverty reduction program of the State of Bahia and the World Bank, from 2005 to 2012, Produzir III, now evaluated by the Universidade Estadual de Campinas in 2014 , with the participation of the author. The data collected in the field book of this evaluation by the author were analyzed in comparison to the official results of Produzir III. It has investigated itself Producer III program and its previous versions, as well as the profile of the 5 towns, based on its own socioeconomic data. Formal Education was briefly analyzed, as complementary information on Social Capital, based on the view of the authors who supported this thesis and from the educational data of the 5 towns. As a result, we obtained the observation that the Theory of Social Capital does not apply to spaces in emerging development, as in the Semiárido Baiano, because we did not find, in fact, Social Capital in these spaces.