Fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade infantil: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Childhood obesity is defined as a chronic disease in which there is an excessive accumulation of fat mass among infants and children up to 12 years old, causing damage to their health. The harms that childhood overweight can cause are varied and involve nonfatal disorders, although compromising the quality of future life. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the factors that contribute to the development of childhood obesity. Methodology: Integrative review article, developed through bibliographic search in the electronic databases: Latin American Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), International Literature on Health Sciences (MEDLINE) and Base Nursing data (BDENF), through access by the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the keywords: Risk factors; Pediatric Obesity; Nutritional status, the eligibility criteria were articles published from 2009 to 2018, in Portuguese. Results: 19 articles were selected in Portuguese, 31.6% of the articles were published in 2015. The studies show a multifactority in the occurrence of childhood obesity, namely: eating behavior, physical inactivity, socioeconomic factors and the influence of parents. relatives. Final Considerations: Childhood obesity is linked to several aspects. In the study it was observed that children spend most of their day in front of TV / electronics and consuming processed foods, sometimes due to the influence of parents or socioeconomic factors that directly contribute to childhood obesity. Due to its multifactoriness, childhood obesity needs to be managed in a multidisciplinary manner. Actions should be fostered to ensure healthy eating, promoting adequate and diversified food for the population.