Sofrimento psíquico e mal-estar docente: uma interface com o trabalho, a saúde e a família

Abstract

This research provides an opportunity to discuss about teachers’ psychic suffering considered as a contemporary phenomenon which manifests through disinterest, physical and psychic wear, self-esteem and image degradation resulting from working condition, professional devaluation, teaching proletarianization and job insecurity in the school. The purpose of this research seeks to understand teacher’s psychic suffering and its interface with work, rethinking the relation between health and illness based in work absence through labor permits for health treatment, as well as licenses due to illness in family member to whom care is recommended. In addition to this purpose, this research intends to identify the reasons for labor permits requirements, in order to take care of health, requested by teachers who belong to state schools which are part of DIREC 03/Ba (Regional Board of Education from Alagoinhas). In order to achieve such purposes, two methodological resources were used: the first one was literature review end the second was documental research. Data collection turned to the search for relevant bibliographic material as well as a set of documents that rise up a reflection on the theme. This study which has an inter-disciplinary character, allows the dialogue among authors such as Antonio Nóvoa (1992, 1994, 1995) in his reflection on the training and professionalization, Esteve and Lapo with the psychological aspects of teacher malaise, Cristophe Dejours (1986, 1987, 1992, 1994, 1996) in his work psychodynamics, Michel Foucault (1984, 1991, 1992, 1998) discussing the medicalization and medical knowledge as empowerment devices on patients, Minayo (1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2008) and Gil (1991, 1999) focusing on social research and qualitative document analysis. The data allow to check license requests as the last device to relieve psychological distress and teacher malaise, causing mental illnesses that affect teachers, from references of international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (OMS) and the Ministry of Health and the Medical Board of the State of Bahia which, in this case, is a documental sample in the jurisdiction of DIREC 03. The complaints translated through the medical reports refer mainly to psychic symptoms which are s upported by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10 -Chapter V). These symptoms are related to mental and behavioral disorders, and they find theirhighest incidence in depressive disorders, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive. This pathological scene has indicated the factors responsible for this state of illness; these factors are due to work overload,quality and efficiency demand in the activities and request for professional qualification that causefatigue and physica l and mental exhaustion.