Percepções de filhos adolescentes sobre o abandono afetivo paterno entre estudantes do subúrbio ferroviário de Salvador

Abstract

The main objective of this dissertation is to discuss the perceptions of adolescent children about affective abandonment among students in the Suburbia Ferroviário de Salvador, while taking into account the resignification that the father figure goes through in contemporary times. For that, it was decided to adopt the exploratory study, with bibliographic research and field research. Thus, for data collection, a questionnaire was developed, applied to 100 participants, and the execution of a focus group, with 14 participants among those who had answered the questionnaire. The research subjects are teenagers, aged 12 to 18 years old, who were studying between the 7th year of elementary school and the 3rd year of high school. The research site was a state school located in the Subúrbio Ferroviário of SalvadorBahia. For the analysis and interpretation of the data, it was defined by the method of quantitative-qualitative approach, considering the percentages extracted from the questionnaires and the statements obtained from the focus group. There was a record of adolescents living in the Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador who, considering their perspectives, seem to face the situation of parental affective abandonment, which can be understood due to the 27% of the interviewees who said they did not see their parents, especially when associated with the 13% who declared seeing their father sporadically and due to the fact that 24% considered their relationship with their father to be bad. In addition, the interviewed adolescents are inserted in the most different family configurations (nuclear, single-parent, extended and substitute), and in single-parent families, both women (who are the majority) and men have exercised the roles and functions that, socially, they were expected to be shared among parents. It was also found that the relevance of paying attention to the probable effects of paternal affective abandonment is demarcated by the 41% of the interviewees who stated that they suffered interference from the lack of contact with the father, such as: feeling of abandonment , rejection, guilt, depression and even suicidal thoughts. Furthermore, we note that the paternal figure, analyzed through the word “father”, received connotations at times positive (eg security, identity and foundation), at times negative (eg absence, delay, hatred and disappointment) by the interviewees ( as), which reflects the conflicts present in the parent-child relationship. Finally, it is highlighted that, regarding the role of the father today, we see evidence that leads to the understanding of a paradox between the expectations of the interviewees - parents present, understanding and loving - and the reality that sometimes observe - paternal absence, lack of dialogue between father and son, and even situations of violence within the family caused by the father. It is concluded, therefore, that, in some young people, there is a perception that they are facing the situation of parental affective abandonment, which may have a negative impact on their biopsychosocioemotional development, and that this imputes the urgency of interventions from different instances of society. On the other hand, there are those for whom the effective paternal relationship is satisfactory, thus indicating a good relationship between parents and children.