Subalternização socioambiental por determinantes ambientais de hidroelétricas brasileiras: quando condicionantes se sobrepõem ao licenciamento

Abstract

This dissertation consists of three chapters in article format, in addition to the general introduction and final considerations. The first chapter aims to contextualize the problem from a systematic review of the methodology used to project the behavior of the demand for electricity in Brazil, especially with regard to the creation of hydroelectric dams. The second chapter, on the other hand, aims to analyze whether in the institution of such energy policies, the existing protections are applied in the national and international legal framework, which guarantees the right of consultation to the impacted indigenous peoples. The third chapter aims to investigate how the pressures made by certain economic groups have created a tendency for environmental licensing in Brazil, with regard to the creation of energy policies. For the study, it starts from the juridical-sociological aspect and uses the theoretical research methodology, based on a bibliographic review based on documents that evidence the exposed theme. As a result of the research, it is inferred that there is an asymmetry of power in the construction of such enterprises, which results in a social appropriation of socio-environmental conflicts, insofar as the use of environmental spaces occurs to the detriment of the use that other social segments make of the territory. . In addition, it is clear that despite the legal restrictions imposed, it is possible to note the express disregard for the fundamental rights of indigenous peoples in the environmental licensing process, in the implementation of hydroelectric projects. In addition, there is evidence of the preparation of legal and political apparatus, with the objective of circumventing the regulatory restrictions imposed by Brazilian environmental legislation regarding the environmental licensing of hydroelectric plants and dams in the Brazilian territory. That said, it is concluded that there is a trend in environmental licensing in Brazil, that is, the environmental feasibility of projects has been relying more and more on environmental conditions and less on the assessment of environmental feasibility.