Impactos do neoliberalismo na Constituição do Sistema Financeiro Brasileiro: rendimentos bancários e a “vanguarda” da legislação entre 1994 e 2018

Abstract

This work has as general objective to analyze if the political orientation of a federal government in Brazil can intervene in the profitability of banks. Neoliberalism, as a new “model” of macroeconomic policy, has as a rule, to reduce the role of the state and deregulate national economies. This capacity for interference in national legal systems and in the economic policies of governments, to a certain extent, favors a significant increase in bank earnings, mainly from the private network. To do so, as specific objectives, it first verifies whether the Economic Constitution of Brazil, through article 192, is leading to a process of deregulation of the financial system, to develop as an economic policy of governments between the years 1994 and 2018. Second, it compares the Banco Bradesco's net profit with the Brazilian GDP in the years: 1998, 2002, 2004, 2010, 2014 and 2018. An empirical and exploratory research is then carried out, carrying out a bibliographic review and documentary analysis. Given this, there is a process of deregulation in the National Financial System and continuity of neoliberal policies in democratically elected governments after the military dictatorship and a high net profit of Bradesco compared to GDP, mainly after Constitutional Amendment 40/2003. During the proposed study period, GDP grew, as a rule, on average.