As práticas integrativas e complementares como recurso de cuidado nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial no município de Salvador/Bahia (Restrita)

Abstract

Introduction: The mental health care model provides a service that aims to integrate people into an environment that is social and able to develop actions that provide independence in the personal and family lives of those who seek it. To this end, the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) was created, with the goals of providing long-lasting care to people who suffer from severe and persistent mental disorders. Alongside the necessity of expanding the care and applicability of practices that advance health promotion; disease prevention; improvement in physical, mental, and social well-being conditions, a new modality of monitoring of the health-disease process in SUS emerged: Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs). PICs are complex medical systems that have their own theories about the health-disease process, diagnosis and treatment. In 2016, the first group of integrative and complementary practices was implemented at CAPS de Pau da Lima, using the auriculotherapy technique as a possibility of care for the mental health patient. Thus, based on this experience, it was identified that the municipality of Salvador had not deployed and implemented the PICs as a health care policy for the population. It was also sought to understand how professionals were performing practices in the CAPS in Salvador. Objectives: To identify the difficulties faced by professionals for performing PICs as a resource in CAPS in Salvador / Bahia, as well as to point out how said professionals are managing the care using integrative and complementary practices. Methodology: The study has a qualitative and descriptive approach, and its technical and methodological procedures are the field research. The study subjects included the professionals who perform the PICs as a care strategy in the CAPS of Salvador / Bahia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on the technique of critical incidents so that professionals could respond. Data analysis happened based upon the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2016) and also through the thematic analysis of Minayo (2014). Results: The collected data were presented and discussed in five categories, as follows: (1) characterization of the subjects; (2) characterization of the Práticas Integrativas e Complementares; (3) Mental health care management actions related to the PICs in CAPS; (4) Problem situations encountered by professionals performing PICs at CAPS; and (5) Situations, behaviors and consequences that involve the management of mental health care through the use of PICs in CAPS. Final Considerations: The research evidenced the important contribution of PICs in the psychosocial rehabilitation process of users, identifying the continuous, humanized and integrated health care of the subjects, also favored to discuss the management of integrative and complementary practices in the mental health field, addressing the difficulties faced by professionals, but also highlighting the facilitating aspects of this process. Given the importance of the subject, it is necessary to develop other studies related to PICs, not only related to mental health, but also in other devices of the health care network. It is necessary to think about research that may involve users in the field of discussion of PICs, bringing the perceptions about the contribution of these practices in professional and personal lives.