Prazer, sofrimento e adoecimento no trabalho de enfermagem em Hospital Geral, Salvador, Bahia

Abstract

The factors that contribute to pleasure and suffering and illness at work were strongly influenced by the great transformations that have occurred throughout history, particularly in the world of contemporary work. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of pleasure or suffering in nursing work in a hospital context. The specific objectives were defined as follows: characterize the sociodemographic, occupational and clinical profile of nursing workers in the hospital context, estimate the prevalence of risks of common mental disorders among nursing workers; Describe the factors that contribute to the pleasure or suffering in the work process of the nursing staff, as well as their strategies to cope with the suffering. This is a analytical cross-sectional study and qualitative character developed in a large general hospital. The study population consisted of nurses and nursing technicians. The quantitative sample consisted of 372 nursing workers. The interviews involved 12 nurses and 11 nursing technicians. The collection of quantitative research data took place from February to May 2019 by applying three instruments: Hospital Health Work, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and Self Report Questionnaire-20. The collection of qualitative research data took place from October to December 2019. The data were subjected to bivariate analysis and the Pearson chi-square test was performed. Adopted level of statistical significance of 5%. The association between the variables studied and the presence of risks for Common Mental Disorders were estimated by calculating Odds Ratio odds ratios, adopting the 95% confidence interval as a measure of precision. The qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis after interview transcription. The study population was mostly composed of female individuals (96.0%), under 39 (49.1%), black or brown skin color (88.4%), with partners (52.1%), with children (60.2 %). People that went to college have predominated (58.3%) and with salaries equivalent to less than five minimum wages in Brazil (71.2%). The overall prevalence of risks for common mental disorders was 42.2%. No statistically significant difference was observed between the sociodemographic characteristics and the risks of the common mental disorder. In relation to current health, it was significant to mention health problems and medication use. In the result of the hierarchical analysis, in the final model, we observed that the use of medications proved to be a risk factor for the common mental disorder and the appropriate division of tasks and the willingness to have fun at the end of the workday was a factor protective. The thematic content analysis of the interview data highlighted the categories: Taking care of the other and taking care of yourself; organization and process of nursing work in the hospital; interprofessional relationship at work, defensive strategies of coping. It was concluded that the work process was determining factor of pleasure and suffering in nursing work in the hospital context.