Gestão Ambiental: importância de geoprocessamento no diagnóstico dos resíduos sólidos urbanos

Abstract

Municipal public management has not been following the growing increase in the inadequate disposal of urban solid waste. The most recent Agenda 2030 (UN Brazil) organized in 2015 recognizes that urban development and sustainable management are fundamental to populations’ life quality. Moreover, it acknowledges that the negative impacts of urban activities and chemicals are detrimental to human health and the environment. The utilization of geoprocessing in order to diagnose the situation of urban solid waste (USW) and to control the environmental quality has allowed for the identification of the environmental management model applied in the municipalities, and which integrated management actions are necessary to solve the problem. The environmental public management interventions are concentrated in the Municipal Plan of Integrated Management of Solid Waste, which utilizes the hierarchical order of non-generation, reduction, and reuse of waste before final conveyance, as well as the environmentally adequate discarding of residue recommended by the National Policy of Solid Waste. The objective of this work is to present a diagnosis on the management of urban solid waste, utilizing data geoprocessing as an environmental management tool in the city of Camaçari / BA. In order to do that, the specific objectives were listed through scientific literature, norms and state of the art legislation on Urban Solid Waste, USW management, geoprocessing aiming at diagnosing the proper handling of Urban Solid Waste and its management through spatial information. The study also registered events through photographic images, remote sensing and georeferenced survey of irregular waste points, the existence of public facilities for the proper handling of MSW, the coverage of domestic and selective collection at the headquarters of the Camaçari municipality. The case study was carried utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methodology, employing thematic maps and performance indicators of the stages of urban solid waste management as analytical tools. The investigation demonstrated the inefficiency of public management vis-à-vis environmental resources and the insufficiency of selective collection equipment. It also evinced low popular participation that resulted in non-prevention and lack of control of environmental quality. Furthermore, the study concluded that geoprocessing allowed for the diagnosis of problems of municipal public environmental management, and that its use in decision making processes is indispensable.