O desenvolvimento da autonomia na educação de filhos adolescentes: um estudo em famílias de camada média urbana

Abstract

There is a growing need to rediscuit and rethink increasingly extended understandings about intrafamily relationships and patterns of parent-child interaction as aspects that interfere with parenting and the constitution of autonomous and collaborative people in their various contexts. In this bias, the family context and the educational practices adopted by fathers and mothers are central aspects for the development of the autonomy of their children. In view of the above, the present study has the objective of research the participation of parents and adolescents through their dynamics of interactions experienced in their educational practices performed in the exercise of parenting. We have as a research problem: How do the educational practices of urban middle-class parents contribute to the process of developing their children's autonomy? In order to answer this question, we have as a general objective: (i) to analyze the parents' understanding of their educational practices related to the development of the autonomy of their adolescent child (ren) and how specific: (ii) Conceptions of autonomy for fathers and mothers of adolescent children; Iii) understand the educational practices of parents related to the development of the autonomy of their adolescent children; And iv) to discuss the parental role in the development of the autonomy of adolescent children in contemporary times. The methodology used was qualitative (MINAYO, 2010) and exploratory (YIN, 2010), being a multiple case study. Open interviews were conducted with three parents and three mothers, married to each other, of the nuclear family model. We applied a triggering question to allow respondents to respond freely. To obtain additional data an identification roadmap was used with data related to each participant. Subsequently, the interviews were analyzed based on the construction of categories of content analysis (MINAYO, 2010). It was made use of systemic theoretical contributions (BOWEN, 1991; MINUCHIN, 1982, 2003, 2008; BRONFENBRENNER, 1996, 2011), in order to base the analysis and understanding of the data. We obtained as a relevant result that the development of adolescents' autonomy is a continuous process, complex and relational and happens in the relationship of the individual with the family and the wider society. We observed that each of the families studied presents specifics regarding their beliefs and values that mediate the process of raising their children as a unique experience.