Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por acompanhantes de crianças queimadas: estudo observacional

Abstract

It was researched through the narrative review to obtain the gap of knowledge produced on coping strategies used by family members of burned children finding only one in the spanish language. It is a quantitative and descriptive study, carried out in a public hospital of reference in Salvador/Bahia. The goal was to investigate the coping strategies used by the family members of the burned children assisted in the ambulatory, in the hospitalization unit and in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a reference organization in the treatment of Burns, in the state of Bahia - Brazil. The used instruments: a social demographic form and the Folkman and Lazarus Inventory of Coping Strategies of 1984 (FLICS) validated in Brazil, applied by the researcher herself. The population was composed of the accompanying family of burned children attended in the previous mentioned organization. The sample composed of the escorts of burned children who were admitted/attended between 08/15/2016 and 08/15/2017 responded to the instruments and signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF). The data were transcribed to the worksheet elaborated for the study and were processed by the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and statistical Package for Social Sciences programs and then analyzed as descriptive statistics. 83% of the 41 escorts were women. Age between 16 to 45 years old. 73% had not finished high school and 73% where from the countryside. Considering the analyzed children group, 61% of the large burned were male and 58.5% between 0 to 2 years old. The most common causes of the burn were hot liquids (56%) and inflammable liquids (29%) respectively, where 66% occurred inside their own houses and 24% around it. Social support was the most significant by α Cronbach (0.73) and Positive Re-evaluation had the highest average score (2.12). The predominant children were male between 0 and 2 years old, without attending school. The burns were caused by hot and flammable liquids, inside and around their own houses and the large and medium burns were more frequent. The companions were the family members, mostly young women, dark-skinned, with incomplete high school and from the countryside. The eight factors and their coping strategies have been identified and described. Factors of positive revaluation and Social support were the most used. The most significant by α Cronbach was Social support and the most widely used strategy was “I got professional help”. In the acceptance of responsibility factor, the strategy with the highest score was “I made a promise to myself that things would be different next time”. The limitations were change of the infrastructure and the service organization, quantity of samples and sample size; insufficiency charts records; reduced number of case studies with this type children focus, shortage of publications with the application of FLICS. It is recommended to promote host to the family member; record burns occurrences in more details.