Dar voz e ouvir o cidadão: participação popular, rastros digitais e gestão cibernética da cidade

Abstract

This thesis constitutes new perspectives on urban planning and management, in the contemporary context, since it inserts the dimension of cybernetic intelligence in this context, Not only as a means of controlling administrative processes, as it has been since the 1990s, With the beginning of the popularization of digital technologies, but, mainly, as means of ensuring greater popular participation in the process of competent management of the city. Competent management is understood to be the one that comply with the demands of population and to the well-being of people. For this, three categories are proposed for the administrative actions of cybernetic management of the city: the reactive-passive, the reactive and the proactive, the first one in which management reacts to a spontaneous demand of the citizen, without establishing a digital channel for this; the second is established through institutionalized instruments of dialogue with the population in the digital/hybrid environment, taking advantage of cultures of participation, collaboration and co-creation, which are encouraged by digital social media and they unfold in the behavior of people in all environments, allowing people to express themselves and to say in an increasingly forceful and systematic way what they think of their city, their neighborhood, their street, etc. And the third, through the monitoring and use of intelligent systems for capturing, selecting, categorizing, analyzing and storage information left by citizens, many of them geolocated, through their digital mobile devices in the space of the city, which in this thesis was conventionally called digital footprints. The theoretical-methodological basis used for the development of the thesis was of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), that, by enabling a complex analysis of heterogeneous networks - which include, among actors with influence in the urban process, both human and non-human actors - potentializes the proposal of the competent management of the contemporary city, from the three categories of actions of cybernetic management, emphasizing the proactive ones. The main conclusions of the research point to the idea that information originating from digital traces - obtained through proactive cybernetic actions - they can provide a profound political and social reinvention of the city, in that by collecting the feelings and expressions of a significant part of the agents, with influence in the territory, in real time, and in an absolutely effective way, they can form a database that represents a legacy of collective intelligence for planning and urban management.