Qualidade da água em sub-bacia hidrográfica urbana: o caso do Rio Camaçari/Ba

Abstract

Water resources are essential to all life forms. Our country is fortunate to have a large amount of fresh water equivalent to 12 % of the world available for consumption. Despite being a key resource for the survival of living beings, has been used incorrectly, resulting in the pollution and contamination of water sources that affect water availability in certain regions. The present study aims at assessing the water quality of the river Sub -basin Camaçari, through physical, chemical and biological, and suggest possible mitigation measures that result in improved water quality. There were two water collects in seven sampling points, which are located from the river's source to its mouth Northeastern Complex where the encounter with the Joanes river, and the first collection took place in june 2012 and the second in may 2013. Moreover, the points were photographed, marked with GPS and features of the surroundings were recorded in a protocol field observation. After the analysis of the samples was realized that the region of the headwaters of the river Camaçari, is located where the Point 1 is well maintained however the parameters Total Solids, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen and pH are at odds with the maximum allowed by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. In other points, it was observed that the level of pollution and contamination of water increases as the river enters the city Camaçari. Microbiological analysis indicated the absence of coliforms in only Point 1. Given this reality can be concluded that the process of industrialization and the lack of urban planning, combined with significant population growth were the main agents cluttered responsible for the environmental degradation of the river. Thus, it becomes necessary to adopt mitigation measures to assist in the recovery of this area, aimed at social welfare and environmental, among them we can mention the recovery of riparian vegetation in specific regions, slope retention preventing new outbreaks of erosion and siltation and implementation of a program of sanitation throughout the area this sub-basin, thereby reducing contamination with pathogenic organisms.