Nucleação como precursora na restauração de áreas degradadas e no fornecimento de serviços ambientais em áreas verdes urbanas

Abstract

This dissertation deals with the use of nucleating techniques in the recovery of degraded areas in urban conservation units in order to promote environmental services, in view of the need for conservation and the use of innovative recovery techniques. Urban expansion contributes to the gradual increase of degraded areas, contributing to the fragmentation of ecosystems and losses in biodiversity. The non-management of degraded areas contributes to the increase of unproductive areas, the formation of erosive processes, the impoverishment of the soil and the compromise of areas adjacent to degraded areas. There are models of recovery of these areas, which are based in particular on planting of seedlings, with a more dendrological focus and adopting silvicultural practices, however the use of restoration models that seek the return of stability and biological integrity, Being this technique called nucleation, based on ecological processes. It is also important to provide livelihoods and environmental services for degraded lands, identifying possible measures that enhance recovery and environmental services provided. With this focus, the present work aims to verify the potential of nucleation in the provision of environmental services and in the recovery of degraded areas in urban conservation units. The work consists of three chapters dealing with environmental services, initial restoration methods and a proposal for a protocol for the evaluation of environmental services in the recovery of degraded areas in urban areas, respectively. In the work, it is verified that nucleation has a very expressive potential in the provision of environmental services, although through simple practices such as soil and litter transposition, however recovery plans and programs must be in line with vocation and need of the degraded area and of the context of its environment, especially in urban conservation units.