Revisão bibliográfica das principais tecnologias de captura do CO2

Abstract

The annual global emissions of greenhouse gases have been growing substantially since 2016, a period in which there was a fall in these emissions. Of the total emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) occupies the first place 74%, followed by methane (CH4) responsible for 17% and nitrous oxide (N2O), 6.2%, and fluorinated gases ( composed of HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3) which represents 2% of global emissions and come from industrial processes. Currently, the world already lives with the consequences of climate change, resulting from the greenhouse effect, in view of this, more actions that may control these emissions, especially that of carbon dioxide, which is the gas that contributes the most to the greenhouse effect, be put into practice. CO2 capture is considered an important route for climate mitigation, there are four types of basic systems for CO2 capture, these can be subdivided into post-combustion, pre-combustion, combustion with oxygen and industrial process. There are several technologies for capturing CO2 from the combustion of fossil fuels in power generation plants. These mainly include chemical and physical absorption, adsorption, membranes, ionic liquids and cryogenic process. In the development of this work, the main CO2 capture technologies were discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The present work had as main objective to map and carry out a comparison between the main technologies for the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) in industrial activity and in the generation of energy.