A proteção jurídica e social de crianças e adolescentes venezuelanos refugiados no Brasil e interiorizados em Feira de Santana, Bahia: desafios a sua efetivação

Abstract

This work presents research results about the protection juridical and social of Venezuelan child and adolescent in refugee conditions in Brazil. So, to analyze the contribution of the voluntary interiorization politics to the realization of the rights the full protection of this public, especially those interiorized with their family, from 2019 to 2021, in of this public, especially the interiorized, from 2019 to 2021, with their family in Feira de Santana, Bahia, was objectified. The scopes that composed the object of the investigation were: international, regional and national legal protection of refugees as well as child and adolescent, regard to specific protection for them; the Brazilian migratory policy, the Humanitarian Program Operação Acolhida, aimed at migrant Venezuelans in refugee conditions, and support for the interiorization process, carried out by Paróquia de Todos os Santos in Feira de Santana, Bahia, focusing on protection aimed at child and adolescent, most of all, regarding to family and community living, dwelling, feeding, education and health. In general terms, concerning form, it is qualitative research, in terms of ends, descriptive and exploratory, in terms of means, documentary and theoretical. To complement data and information, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied about the work developed in loco. For the proposed analysis, was used the “content analysis” according to Bardin and the interpretation of the results from the historical, sociological, and international relations perspectives, concerning the rights. The motivations for the studies came from the vertiginous growth of Venezuelan citizens who requested refuge in Brazil, from 2016, because of the worsening of the social, political, and economic crisis in Venezuela, giving importance to academic, social, political, and economic discussions about the protection of these subjects who, since 1990, in Brazil, became the immediate holders of rights. Its contribution resides in the contextualization and discussions about the presence or absence of legal and social protection of this population in Brazil, mainly, about the contribution of interiorization to its accomplishment. Despite the State's commitment to protect and integrate Venezuelan citizens in a condition of refuge to Brazilian society was observed, the prevalence, both rights and propositions of the migration policy, attributed to adults, denote, still rooted, the adult-centric culture of protection to the detriment of the guiding principles of the Doctrine of Integral Protection. Furthermore, it was observed, in charge of the Parish, which supported the process of interiorization, facing the challenges for the realization of the rights of children and adolescents who came to Feira de Santana with their dreams and hopes for a dignified restart.