As trajetórias de jovens egressos do ensino médio de escola pública no mercado de trabalho de Salvador no período de 2011 a 2017

Abstract

The capitalist system is experiencing one of its recurrent crises, and despite the cen-trality of labor, as a generator of value for the functioning of the system itself, many nations are affected by high unemployment. In this scenario, young people end up being the main victims, with greater difficulty in placing them in the labor market. This situation is of concern for the development of a country and therefore mobilizes heads of government to think strategies to identify the problem and solve it. Since 1990, Brazil has expanded the space in its agenda of public policies to know its youth in a more in depth way, seeking to go beyond the statistics, with the accomplishment of several institutional researches, theses and dissertations. With the purpose of contributing to the debates on youth unemployment, the study aims to analyze the trajectory of young people from public schools to the labor market in the city of Salvador. For this, the trajectories of 10 former students of the Landulfo Alves College, who completed high school in the years 2011 to 2017, are observed. The research is contextualized from the analysis of the economic, political and social scenario of the late twentieth and early twentieth century of the 21st century. Documentary analysis, secondary data analysis on the labor market of the metropolitan region of Salvador, and semi-structured interviews were used, where it was found that 9 of the 10 young people who responded to the survey gave continuity to the studies, benefiting from a moment of expansion of the higher education in the country, but despite the fact that higher education continues to be important for labor market insertion, the diploma does not guarantee full employment or professional stability, because even in periods of economic growth, the jobs created were marked by precariousness and lack of security, on the other hand, in times of intense economic crisis, young people are the first to be expelled from the labor market. Finally, the 2017 labor reform that destroys rights and makes flexibilities to the maximum possible forms of hiring and remuneration makes the perspectives of future generations of young people even more negative.