O direito à saúde de pessoas com transtorno mental em um hospital geral do Sul da Bahia

Abstract

This study aims to understand how the right to health of the person with mental disorder hospitalized in a general hospital in the south of Bahia happens. In Brazil, only after the Constitution of 1988, health became a social right and "a right of all and duty of the State". They all include the "madmen" who have long been segregated in hospices and excluded from the status of a law subject. For the accomplishment of this research was used, through the qualitative approach, the autoetnographic and descriptive-exploratory methods, complementary and simultaneous. Based on these methods, first, in the hospital's premises, a data and information collection was performed in the register of medical releases and deaths of the Medical and Statistical Archive System – SAME, of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of mental disorder in the year 2017. Later, an informal interview was conducted with each of the patients found at their respective addresses. The interviews were recorded and, later, transcribed, resulting in a text, read in light of the Hermeneutic Analysis of Paul Ricoeur and the Institutional Analysis of René Lourau. From the patient narratives and through the autoethnographic method it is possible to infer four elements of analysis: the hospital, the State, the people with mental disorder and the researcher. In the hospital, the right to health of people with mental disorders, most of the time, does not happen. It is an institution that provides care based on practices of carelessness and abandonment, has a precarious structure and does not have psychiatric beds properly implanted. The State, represented by the hospital, violates at all times the right to health of these people, is absent, omission and violent. Mentally ill people admitted to this hospital demonstrate distress and disempowerment about their life even outside the outbreak, at home. They are not outraged or claim their right to health at any time. This aloofness and disempowerment, too, was attributed to a researcher as a service psychologist. In this sense, everyone stays where they are.