Gerenciamento de impactos ambientais na cultura da pinha (Annona Squamosa L.) em Presidente Dutra-Ba

Abstract

The municipality of Presidente Dutra-BA is known nationally as World Capital of Sugar-apple (Annona squamosa L.), a acquired characteristic, over the years, by its favorable environmental conditions, adapted labor to production and commercialization. Until the late 1990s, rainfed production (rainwater use) was concentrated. In the last decade, irrigation has begun with increasingly advanced cultivation methods, mainly with monoculture production, triggering environmental impacts. This work has as its theme the management of environmental impacts on the sugar-apple crop (Annona squamosa L.). It was developed with the following objectives: to characterize its production; identify the impacting activities, according to the physical means, biotic and anthropic, generated by its cultivation; to use the interaction matrix derived from the Leopold matrix as an environmental impact assessment method; and to propose mitigating and / or compensatory measures for their culture. The Leopold matrix, which is used globally relating the magnitude and importance of the associated impact, was designed with the purpose of evaluating these impacts. It was divided into phases of implantation, management and harvesting/commercialization of this crop and related to physical, biotic and anthropic impacts. The research approach was of an exploratory nature, based on the application of a case study. In this study, the work routine, habits, information and behavior of the target public were taken into account, having as methodology the literature review and on-site evaluation with photographic records. Through these records, five more aggressive impacts were detected: deforestation, erosion, tubular wells, the use of pesticides and the intoxication of natural resources and the fruit consumed. The latter resulting from the lack of control in the municipality of the application of agricultural pesticides. In the Leopold matrix, 16 impacts were identified, four of which were beneficial and 12 adverse. For each impact were mitigated and proposed mitigating measures, when adverse, and potentiating, when beneficial. The results obtained were the indiscriminate use of the natural resources, not showing a tendency to concern with conservation of the environment and, on the other hand, the existence of most development potencial in the municipality, if boosting the production of sugar-apple.