Fatores que influenciam na efetivação do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The process of organ donation in most of its effectiveness comes from cadaveric donors with brain death, which still sends a lot of doubt to society. To occur the process of organ donation the population needs to have clarification and confidence in the professional. The present study makes possible the greater clarification on the process of donation of multiple organs and tissues for transplants, which may be the main factor reducing the number of receptors in a row. Objective: Identify from the evidence in the literature the factors that influence the effectiveness of the donation process of organs and tissues. Method: This article is an integrative review of the literature using the descriptors: tissue donors, brain death and organ transplantation, with a temporal cut considering those published in the Portuguese language. Results: By estimating potential organ donors about 15 to 20% become effective donors. Studies have shown that the shortage of effective donors is related to family refusal and the main reasons for this decision are religious belief, lack of understanding of the diagnosis of brain death, fear of family reaction, inadequate interviewing with this family and others. Having as main strategy of incentive the organ donation the anticipated discussion on the subject with the relatives. Final considerations: The synthesis of the studies showed that the low knowledge of health professionals and of society ends up being the main cause of the low index of organ donations. Several problems related to the organ donation process can be avoided by the health professional when he is able to solve it, otherwise the professional can negatively influence this process.