Trajetória de egressos de um curso de administração de empresas no mercado de trabalho da Região Metropolitana de Salvador: período 2012 a 2018

Abstract

Higher education in Brazil has been showing a growth trend in the number of enrollments. On the other hand, the labor market is affected by economic conjuncture and structural transformations resulting from changes in the productive system, interfering in the effects of obtaining the graduation diploma. In this context, the purpose of studying the trajectory of graduates from an administration course graduated in 2012, 2015 and 2016 is to identify the way that the work in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (MRS) between 2012 and 2018, which includes the recent economic crisis in Brazil, aggravated in 2015. This study has a qualitative and quantitative character, whose methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of secondary data composed of educational institution documents, indicators of higher education and labor market indicators. The primary data were collected by sending an electronic questionnaire to 200 graduates in the referred years, obtaining the return of 54 graduates (27.0%). Bbased on this sample of 54 graduates, the percentages were calculated to examine the variables surveyed, making it possible to understand the course in the labor market in three different moments: during the course, just after the conclusion of the course and in the fourth quarter / 2018, when the survey was answered. The results also show that in all three moments investigated the work situation was present, most with labor activity in the services sector. During the course, 92.1% of the graduates stated that they already worked, of which 37.2% were employed and 54.9% were trainees. After conclusion of the course, the percentage of employees was 38.9% and in the fourth quarter / 2018, 59.3%. Of those who work, in the last quarter / 2018, only 55.0% were in an occupational position suitable for the degree obtained. Regarding the experience of unemployment, 27.8% stated that they were unemployed shortly after the conclusion of the course. Although this percentage fell, indicating the gradual insertion in the labor market, in the fourth quarter / 2018 − moment of the survey − it was still quite high 14.8%. The conclusions show that although higher education has contributed positively to the increase in the cultural capital of graduates and to their trajectory in the labor market, structural factors of this market, aggravated in the three previous years to the survey, indicate that the obtained diploma didn´t prevented a high proportion of them from facing unemployment and experiencing situations of precariousness.