Cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa idosa acometida pelo infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM): revisão integrativa

Abstract

The aging process is characterized by irreversible progressive changes in the functional process of the body caused by the passage of time. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an event caused by rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, leading to obstruction of the coronary flow. In the elderly, the manifestations of AMI may be atypical, or may occur in a silent manner, making diagnosis and treatment difficult in some cases. The Second Brazilian Guideline on Cardiogeriatrics shows that the evaluation of the elderly with precordial pain must include a detailed anamnesis, in addition to the physical evaluation in a thorough manner. Objective: to analyze the nursing care of the elderly with AMI according to the Brazilian Directive of Cardiogeriatry. Method: This is an integrative literature review article, descriptive of a qualitative nature. The inclusion criteria were: original articles, available in Portuguese language, in full and published in the last ten years. Books, monographs, theses and dissertations, articles of revision and duplicate publications were excluded. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 publications were analyzed through content analysis. Results: According to the articles studied in the results and with II Cardiogeriatry Guideline, AMI is more common and more severe in the elderly than in the young and adults, due to several factors related to aging, with 60% of deaths in usually occur in a patient older than 75 years, so it is important that the nursing professional is able to identify the signs and symptoms of AMI in the elderly, especially when the symptoms are atypical, so that adequate care can be taken to avoid death. Final considerations: It was possible to conclude that there is a lack of publications related to the topic, however, the articles analyzed describe nursing care provided to the elderly with AMI according to the II Brazilian Guideline on Cardiogeriatrics