2019-08-222019-08-222019-08-222019-06-04https://ri.ucsal.br/handle/prefix/917Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world population. Cannabis sativa is the most widely used illicit drug in the world, in Brazil it is no different, about 6.9% of drug addicts use it. The association of the drug with the etiopatology of schizophrenia is known in the scientific world, despite the small number of studies carried out. Objective: Investigate the association of Cannabis sativa use with the onset of schizophrenia. Methodology: This work refers to a literature review of the integrative type, with a descriptive character. The data were colleted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Virtual Health Library (BVS). Results: Based on the evaluation of the data, it is possible to note a pattern between the inveterate use of cannabis sativa in the adolescence or early adulthood and the development of episodes of psychosis in susceptible individuals, that can lead to the emergence of schizophrenia. There is often a comorbidity between abusive use of the drug and the disease. Final considerations: There is a growing form of thinking on the population in general that makes a precipitous and unilateral association of the beneficial and therapeutic effects of Cannabis sativa, which does not take into account the attributions detrimental to the health of the user in the short and long term. An association was observed between the chronic use of Cannabis sativa and the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia in predisposed individualsAcesso AbertoEsquizofreniaCannabis sativaPsicoseSchizophreniaCannabis sativaPsychosisTrabalho de Conclusão de CursoCiências da Saúde