2020-01-102020-01-102020-01-102019-102448-1858https://ri.ucsal.br/handle/prefix/1417The hyperthyroidism is a disease that increases the production of T3 and T4 hormones, and in some cases enlargement of the thyroid gland may occur. Treatment may be with iodine radioactive therapy or pharmacological, with methimazole and propylthiouracil being the most commonly used drugs. This article aims to compare the two drugs used for the treatment and its possible complications, evaluating the indication of the drugs in isolated cases as the pregnancy. We searched for case reports from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (Pubmed / NCBI) database, with only case reports being included between 2014-2019. We found 288 publications according to the keywords used and selected 12 articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are publications that relate the drugs to several complications such as otitis media with vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, vasculitis with alveolar hemorrhage, antiphospholipid syndrome, neutropenic ulceration and gingival necrosis, cholestatic hepatitis, insulin autoimmune syndrome, among others. Both medications may have detrimental returns to patient health, always emphasizing the importance of monitoring liver function and overall assessment of the patient's clinical history for the best pharmacological choiceAcesso AbertoHipertireoidismoPropiltiouracilMetimazolSEMOC - Semana de Mobilização CientíficaHyperthyroidismPropiltiouracilMetimazolArtigo de EventoSociais e HumanidadesMultidisciplinar