Teses de Doutorado

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ri.ucsal.br/handle/123456730/30

Browse

Browsing Teses de Doutorado by Author "Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Comunidades remanescentes de quilombos: da escravatura à disputa contemporânea por seus territórios tradicionais
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2020-03-13) Torres, Paulo Rosa; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ribeiro, Ana Maria Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Freitas, Carlos Eduardo Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Vasconcelos, Pedro de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cunha, Sílvio Humberto dos Passos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The present work concerns the question of the traditional territories of the remaining quilombo communities and their historical process of formation, organization and resistance. The historical path goes from the emergence of slavery in the history of ancient societies to contemporary ones, explaining the processes of legal, religious, philosophical legitimation. African enslavement in Brazil, the process of exploitation, the resistance of the enslaved, their forms of organization and struggles for freedom and living conditions make up the explanatory nexus of this thesis, discussing racism as a founding element of the slavery implanted here and the difficulty for part of society and the Brazilian State to recognize the existence of quilombos remnants. In this regard, intense bibliographic research was carried out on the long period studied in general and Brazilian history, demonstrating that the law in its various forms of manifestation is present throughout the slavery period, legitimizing ethnic and institutional racism, and property, which its extreme is the appropriation of another human being. A survey of ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary legislation was carried out, in addition to a vast literature accompanying each of these phases, which made it possible to substantiate the thesis that as long as the various forms of discrimination persist, land concentration and institutional racism will never be the effective titling of the traditional territories of the remaining quilombo communities is possible, since there is a systematic fight against the rights of these communities, either to revoke the protective legislation, or to create bureaucratic mechanisms that hinder or prevent the realization of quilombola rights. As a methodological procedure, the deductive method was adopted as a possibility to understand the genesis of slavery, from its beginnings to abolition in 1888 and the emergence and affirmation of quilombola communities at the same time. Along this route, three characteristics present in the ruling classes were identified, which accompany the entire process of enslavement, abolition and recognition / denial of the rights of the remaining quilombos: racism, patrimonialism and patriarchalism, which are evident in the abysmal distance between the number of existing communities, the number of certified communities, the number of lawsuits filed compared to issued titles, in contrast to the historic and current struggles of these communities for recognition, visibility and the right to their traditional territories.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Desconstrução teórico contextual da aferição do capital social: o caso de municípios no semiárido baiano sob política pública 2005 a 2012
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2019-03-29) Ornellas, Edith Lemos; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de
    The Theory of Social Capital has been used in scientific research, spatial analysis, planning, execution and management of public policies of emerging development spaces. Although there are significant changes in some poor rural spaces, from the implementation of public policies, as well as local movements with an associative profile, studies show that the socioeconomic profile of these spaces continues at a level of inequality, state dependence, precariousness of the basic structures of functioning of urban areas and especially of rural areas, not having characteristics in social relations that indicate the applicability of Social Capital Theory in the qualification of these spaces. Considering that Social Capital is present in the social relations of spaces in advanced development, this study is based on the systematic review of the sociological thinking of Social Capital Theory, and aims to show the universal inapplicability of this theory. The method used includes the survey of the main authors of this theory, from the 1910s to the 21st Century, includes the perceptions of the manifestations of Social Capital in 6 European Union countries visited between 2015 and 2017 and the bibliographical survey on the rural profile of the countries visited. It was used the case of five towns of the Semiárido Baiano, identified with Social Capital, under a rural poverty reduction program of the State of Bahia and the World Bank, from 2005 to 2012, Produzir III, now evaluated by the Universidade Estadual de Campinas in 2014 , with the participation of the author. The data collected in the field book of this evaluation by the author were analyzed in comparison to the official results of Produzir III. It has investigated itself Producer III program and its previous versions, as well as the profile of the 5 towns, based on its own socioeconomic data. Formal Education was briefly analyzed, as complementary information on Social Capital, based on the view of the authors who supported this thesis and from the educational data of the 5 towns. As a result, we obtained the observation that the Theory of Social Capital does not apply to spaces in emerging development, as in the Semiárido Baiano, because we did not find, in fact, Social Capital in these spaces.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Escola, família e comunidade: o lugar da (re)afirmação identitária da juventude do campo
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2020-03-27) Santos, Murilo Pinto Silva; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Baiardi, Amilcar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Giugliani, Beatriz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Godinho, Luis Flávio Reis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Sá, Kátia Oliver de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    This Doctoral Thesis aims to demonstrate the relationship between motivations for social mobility and the identity of rural youth in the cities of Inhambupe and Cachoeira, between 2011-2019. The problem that motivated this Thesis, and that we seek to understand and explain, is in the research question: Is the (re) affirmation of the identity of rural youth what motivates them to stay in rural areas? In this sense, the general objective of this study was to demonstrate whether there are relations between motivations for social mobility and the identity of rural youth in the cities of Inhambupe and Cachoeira, in the aforementioned period. The achievement of this objective is divided into four other specific objectives: a) systematize the multiple contexts of identity construction; b) to characterize the youth of the countryside and describe their practices; c) evaluate Alternation Pedagogy as meaningful contextualized teaching; and d) analyze the representations of rural youth. The research was guided by the hypothesis that the absence of (re)affirmation of the identity of the youth of the countryside impacts their social mobility; that is, the decision between staying or leaving the countryside. The complementary hypothesis was that, by not reinforcing the feelings of belonging, recognition and diacritical signs of these young people, they will detach themselves from their roots due to the fragmentation of identity, regardless of the valuation of autonomy imposed on these young people. The methodological choice was reflected in the multiple case study, examined in data of a mixed nature - qualitative and quantitative, privileging the boundaries by literature review, documentary analysis, direct and participant observations, interviews, structured and semi-structured questionnaires. We sought, throughout the chapters, not to dissociate theory from practice (the empirical dimension of the Thesis) because we believe that both complement and strengthen each other in the face of analysis. We conclude that the identity of the individuals investigated in this study, rural youth, cannot be (re) affirmed if it is disconnected from any of the elements belonging to the school-family-community triad, which would result in the fragmentation of perception with regard to this individual's link to their locus of insertion. From this study it was possible to affirm the interference between identity and social mobility by understanding the processes of construction, affirmation, reaffirmation and strengthening of the identity of rural youth; recognition of the dynamics of affirmation and reaffirmation of identity; and the importance of the interference of collective subjects in the face of this process, such as family, school and community, which connects the focus of the research to support the implementation of educational public policies with greater potential for effectiveness due to the identity link to the target audience.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A estratégia de ser e de viver: conflitualidade e tensionamentos entre pescador artesanal e plano de desenvolvimento
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2020-03-26) Paixão, Luis Henrique Couto; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Mourad, Laila Nazem; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Delaporte, Maya Constance Manzi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gonçalves, Manuel Vítor Portugal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Souza Filho, José Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The strategic planning has been the solution many cities have found to overcome financial crises in order to attract investments to stimulate the economy and bring benefits to the population and the companies. In this way, Cairu, in the east coast of Bahia, has adopted the Development Plan (Cairu 2030) as a way to reach a model of sustainable city in 30 years. However, this model has contributed to the production of tensions and disputes, influencing the life of artisanal fishermen, individuals who set the urban space into a coastal rural territory. This paper aims to demonstrate the tensions and/or conflicts between the fishing lifestyles and the imposed development model which arises from the inability of the strategic planning perspective that configure the city as a company. The methodology applied was based on field and documentary research, prioritizing interviews and observation visits during the last 4 years. It was concluded that the fishing communities, especially the ones located in Cairu, are submitted to a constant and perverse process of resilience, in which the individuals who live there have their rights infringed due to a development model that does not include them.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    O fenômeno das águas doces na Região Metropolitana do Salvador: usos, alterações e abandono
    (Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018-10-27) Porciuncula, Débora Carol Luz da; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2257876241055037; Carvalho, Silvana Sá de; Tinôco, Moacir Santos; Palavizini, Roseane Simões; Randolph, Rainer
    This study demonstrates how the urbanization/industrialization process of Salvador-BA Metropolitan Area (SMA) appropriated the fresh waters of this territory, generating territorial tensions due to the use of water with changes in its course, and its subsequent abandonment. It was based on the central hypothesis that the current civilizational model, ruled hegemonically in the urban/industrial logic, considered inexorable before other forms of material and immaterial life production, is responsible for compromising availability, quality and access to water in Salvador-BA Metropolitan Area. It was verified that this process is closely related to Planning, based on a conception of Nature that guided the appropriation of the waters of that region as resource. In contrast, in other moments, water has been perceived by the planners as an obstacle to full urban/industrial development. The methodology adopted was the characterization and socio-historical problematization of the relationship between the city of Salvador and its metropolitan area with the waters. The Qualitative Indicators of Metropolitan Rurality were applied in the identification of empirical evidences that stress the rural and urban way of life, specifically in relation to the waters. The evidence was systematized in various forms of dispute expressed in three categories of tensions: (i) in the appropriation of water; (ii) in the uses that generate environmental risks; and (iii) the use of water in cultural activities. The theoretical foundations of this methodology made it possible to characterize the relationship between the rural and the urban, and between these categories and water, which are proposed as Qualitative Indicators of Tensions on Use of Water (IQTA).
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Microcrédito na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS): análise no período de 2010 a 2014
    (Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018-02-05) Jesus, Regina Jacqueline Brandão de; Baiardi, Amilcar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5894026951550520; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2257876241055037; Santos, Ana Lúcia Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7097451347556227; Ribeiro, Maria Clotilde Meirelles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8170006685313309; Aragão, Gilton Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5085324559205843
    This thesis aims to evaluate microcredit in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS) in the period between 2010 and 2014. This paper presents an investigation based on data collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Banco do Nordeste (BNB), Banco Central (BACEN), Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE), among others. Through the analysis of data, it was shown that both the population and the enterprises of the metropolitan region are increasingly seeking microcredit and that individual microenterprises are seen as the output for generation and complementation of family income. The research also reveals that microcredit is an important activity in the Bahia and Brazilian economy, especially when compared to other Latin American countries. It also shows that the expansion of the microcredit supply is part of the model that has the objective of managing poverty and its effects on society, and that the supply of microfinance services grows based on guidelines characterized by typically financial profitability procedures. The results show that, between 2010 and 2014, there was social development in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, but it was not possible to associate the improvements to the microcredit programs offered in the region.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    “O pão nosso de cada dia”: a farinha de mandioca na cidade da Bahia e sua lavoura no Vale do Copioba, no Recôncavo Baiano
    (Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018-03-13) Santos, Félix Souza; Flexor, Maria Helena Matue Ochi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4600166750512322; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2257876241055037; Martins, Luciana Conceição de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7664734124541880; Pereira, Áliger dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9514806025242255
    The study focuses on different aspects of the secular northeast, food, manioc flour, specifically, in the city of Salvador and region of Vale do Copioba river in the Recôncavo of Bahia. Have time limits the 16th and 19th centuries. Favour the farming of cassava, forms processing, transport, exchange and consumption, since the indian farm birthplace of the cassava culture, until the end of the slave regime, in Brazil in 1888. Was based on the analysis and synthesis of documents, academic papers and manuscripts papers, to formulate and answer questions that allow the reconstruction of the use of the "daily bread", namely manioc flour. It was considered that, since the presence of the Governor General, Tomé de Souza, in the city of Salvador in 1549, -without forgetting the highlight that Pero Vaz de Caminha had already given to the "species of Yam"- until recent times, the cultivation of cassava was the basis of farming in this region, and manioc flour, the basis of food structure of residents of the city of Bahia and the Recôncavo Baiano. The scarcity of this constant state interventions motivated flour, both in your crop, how much flour trade. Shows the importance of cassava in Bahia, to the point, the Portuguese Metropolis, General Government, Presidents of the province and district governors, demanding that if they could plant and to benefit more cassava, which build Barn Public guarantee of supply everyday food, the cassava flour. It was found that the production of flour in the Recôncavo was insufficient to meet the consumption needs of the city of Bahia. In times of scarcity depended on the flour coming from other regions. This situation has prevailed since the beginning of the settlement of the Recôncavo Baiano until the 1890, after this decade, by State interventions in this region, have changed the ways of processing, distribution and consumption of flour. From this decade, with the end of slavery and, consequently, had the obligation to provide your flour slave, there was a portion of the former slaves provided farmers households or tenants of its previous owners, there was greater balance both the supply and demand of flour in the city of Salvador, reducing the problem of flour shortages in this city. It is concluded that, over the period studied, despite the constant interference by the State in the fields of manioc and cassava flour distribution, although your importance, your crop was not subsidized, like other typical products of the national crop. And its farmers have not received by the State the prominence that they fit to be the providers of food of the whole society.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Políticas públicas de crédito agrícola e microcrédito rural: o ilustrativo Agroamigo em Amargosa/Ba
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2019-12-12) Conceição, Vanuza Silva Souza da; Aragão, Gilton Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Baiardi, Amilcar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Alencar, Cristina Maria Macêdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br; Ribeiro, Maria Clotilde Meireles; http://lattes.cnpq.br; Brito, Francisco Emanoel Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br
    The agricultural microcredit program “Agroamigo” is a tool of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF - abbreviation in Portuguese), operated by Banco do Nordeste bank, and constitutes the most important public policy for credit access for family farmers. This thesis analyzes how the Agroamigo agricultural microcredit program contributed to income generation, improvement of living standards and settlement of rural populations. The study area is the municipality of Amargosa/BA. The transformations that occurred since the implementation of the program were investigated. In addition, the level of social insertion and the perception of family farmers of different physical environments were evaluated, showing how they evaluate this microcredit policy in the municipality. Based on the hypothetico-deductive method, it assumes it is the state’s function to control and manage social demands through the formulation of public policies. The procedural method used was field research and statistical data obtained from the IBGE agricultural data survey. A comparison was made between the data from 2006 and 2017 and an empirical study conducted on the perception of the beneficiaries of the credit. The results of the research confirm the hypothesis, attesting that the program contributed to improvements in the standard of living, settlement in the field, increase of income and technology access of the farmers borrowing through the program.