Teses de Doutorado
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Browsing Teses de Doutorado by Author "Azevedo, Tânia Cristina"
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Item Expansão urbana de Feira de Santana/Ba: atuação do Estado e do setor imobiliário (2004 – 2018)(Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2019-09-30) Araújo, Antônio Marcello Ricci de; Teixeira, Aparecida Netto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Silva, Maina Pirajá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Azevedo, Tânia Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Santos, Jânio Lautentino de Jesus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Santos, Sandra Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The expansion of the city of Feira de Santana has a strong influence of public and private agents. The State stands out for its great influence through urban legislation, as well as public policies, particularly housing. In recent decades, Brazil has had housing policies for the low-income population that are important for studies on urban space production and urban expansion. The real estate sector also has great influence when it promotes the Transformation of urban spaces into merchandise, obtaining, in the over-profits of urban areas, their greatest interest. In this way, the private and public sectors act together in urban expansion with their own interests and in the dependence among them, through housing programs. The study of this thesis aims to analyze the process of urban expansion of Feira de Santana-BA, between 2004 and 2018, based on the performance of public and private agents. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that urban expansion in Feira de Santana was initially promoted by the action of the real estate sector, through the implementation of irregular or regular subdivisions; dismemberment of rural areas up to the large enterprises implemented by urbanizing companies. The municipal government acted in the formulation of laws and plans, in articulation with the demands of the real estate sector, with losses in the quality of the urban space resulting from this process. Investments in infrastructure made by the public sector in locations close to private sector enterprises show the relationship between the two sectors. The Urban Development Master Plan and the Urban Land Management Law, instituted in 2018, demonstrate this aspect by favoring the soil market. The residential allotments and closed condominiums and the housing developments of the State programs promoted urban expansion, creating new spaces in the city, mixing social classes and different socioeconomic strata, causing segregation and self-segregation. With the implementation of closed condominiums, especially the horizontal projects carried out by the real estate sector, it can be observed that this market prevail the logic of space-merchandise, in which the State defines plans and laws for zoning urban space and access to places of public spaces, socially produced, is mediated by the real estate market. In spite of the fact that this production covers the needs of different social classes, it contradicts itself with regard to private appropriation. The State is one of the main producers of the transformation of urban space and the modification of value of the land through the formation of land reserves; the implementation of public services and equipment for collective use or financing through public policies and regulation of real estate activities. The study, then, tries to answer if the performance of the public and private sectors, as agents of urban expansion, generated positive or negative results for the city of Feira de Santana.Item Tributação municipal como incentivo ao desenvolvimento sustentável nas cidades: o caso do “IPTU VERDE” de Salvador(Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2017-08-01) Azevedo, Tânia Cristina; Portella, André Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1782631349656661The objective of this PhD research was to evaluate and propose components of the IPTU incidence system of Salvador city with the purpose of using municipal ecological taxation as a public policy mechanism for sustainable development. Specifically, we discussed the adoption of ecological taxation in the context of sustainable development in cities; the criteria for granting the "IPTU Verde" Sustainable Certification Program of Salvador city were analyzed; the benefits derived from this program were analyzed; the proposal of components of a municipal ecological tax system in respect to IPTU was presented, and its application was evaluated in two municipal real estate projects. This empirical study was supported by the hypothetical-deductive method towards achieving the purpose of this research. It is characterized, therefore, as an applied research as to its nature, due to the use of existing contents for practical application purposes. Regarding the scope of the objectives, the present research is classified as descriptive-explanatory in nature. As a strategy for conducting the research, the Case Study was used, through bibliographic research, documentary research, content analysis and a field activity was complementarily carried out through the presence of public officials involved in the "IPTU VERDE" regulation of Salvador. The results of the investigation showed that the model applied in the Bahian capital was inspired by the international certification standard known as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), because it establishes a staggering through score to qualify to practice environmental sustainability with a view to the use of sustainable materials and technologies in buildings. This condition led to the understanding that is one of the limitations to the access to Sustainable certification program called "GREEN TAXES". Such program tends to prioritize specific buildings, due to the demand by local laws of a series of requirements as a criterion for environmental sustainability practices in obtaining certification of a sustainable enterprise and its application in tax rebate. Therefore, in order for the IPTU Verde’s incidence system to be used as a public policy mechanism for sustainable development, it would call for a profound reformulation of its regulation. For this purpose, components that are compatible with the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO) for cities would be defined in order to establish criteria which seek to prioritize urban quality and provide taxpayers with conditions and affordable means to obtain this type of tax benefit.