Teses de Doutorado

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https://ri.ucsal.br/handle/123456730/22

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Browsing Teses de Doutorado by Subject "Adolescência"

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    Coconstrução de sentidos e significados nos processos comunicacionais familiares: narrativas de pais, mães e filhos(as) adolescentes
    (UCSal - Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2025-10-21) Bastos, Lyege de Lima Borges; Sá, Sumaia Midlej Pimentel (Orient.); Rabinovich, Elaine Pedreira (Membro da Banca); Costa, Lívia Alessandra Fialho da (Membro da Banca); Moreira, Lúcia Vaz de Campos (Membro da Banca); Amorim, Rita da Cruz (Membro da Banca); Neves, Sinara Dantas (Membro da Banca)
    A comunicação parento-filial é uma dimensão fundamental para a compreensão do funcionamento familiar, pois é a via pela qual se estabelecem as interações e se qualificam as relações. Ela desempenha um papel decisivo no desenvolvimento emocional, cognitivo e social de crianças e adolescentes, influenciando diretamente o bem-estar familiar e o futuro de seus membros. Diante dessa relevância, este estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, teve como objetivo identificar a coconstrução de sentidos e significados atribuídos aos processos comunicacionais na dinâmica relacional entre pais, mães e filhos(as) adolescentes. Para tanto, adotou-se a metodologia de Narrativas de Vida, fundamentada na Abordagem Sistêmica Familiar e na Teoria da Comunicação Humana. Participaram da pesquisa quatro adolescentes, dois do sexo masculino e duas do sexo feminino, entre 15 e 18 anos, membros de famílias nucleares, bem como seus respectivos genitores, todos residentes na área urbana do município de Feira de Santana-Ba. A coleta de dados envolveu um questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista narrativa, permitindo a exploração das percepções familiares acerca das trocas afetivas, das atitudes parentais e filiais diante dos conflitos emergentes, das práticas educativas cotidianas e da identificação dos sentimentos mobilizados nas partilhas de situações problemáticas. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do método Interpretação dos sentidos (Minayo, 2014). Os resultados evidenciaram que a afetividade foi reconhecida como recurso fundamental para o fortalecimento dos vínculos e da coesão familiar, manifestando-se por atitudes de acolhimento, aceitação incondicional, disponibilidade emocional e respeito mútuo. As mães foram percebidas como mais engajadas, especialmente na mediação de conflitos e no apoio diante de situações problemáticas, denotando sentimento de confiança mútua. Por sua vez, os pais apareceram como mais reativos e distantes, sobretudo nas relações com filhos do sexo masculino, demonstrando dificuldades nessas interações. Estratégias como a metacomunicação e a autorreferência parental mostraram-se eficazes na negociação de regras e limites, ao passo que o time out, adotado por adolescentes, contribuiu para a prevenção de escaladas conflituosas. Constatou-se ainda uma predominância da tipologia familiar consensual, do estilo parental autoritativo e de práticas educativas indutivas e dialógicas, atravessadas por transmissões intergeracionais de valores culturais e religiosos. Entre as limitações desta pesquisa, destaca-se a amostra com participantes pertencentes ao mesmo estrato social e contexto sociocultural. Sugere-se a replicação com ampliação da amostra e investimentos futuros em estudos comparativos entre famílias com diferentes níveis sociais e em contextos socioculturais diversificados. Ressalta-se ainda necessidade de aprofundar discussões sobre temas sensíveis, como sexualidade e uso de tecnologias digitais.
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    Escolarização, trabalho e família: concepções e perspectivas de adolescentes e familiares em busca dos exames supletivos
    (Universidade Católica do Salvador, 2020-12-09) Cruz, Ariadne de Araújo; Moreira, Lúcia Vaz de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Carvalho, Ana Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Santos, David Moisés Barreto dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Santos, José Eduardo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fornasier, Rafael Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The general goal of this investigation consists in identifying adolescents who take supplementary exams and their parents/guardians’ conceptions and perspectives about schooling, work and family. The study is descriptive, exploratory and based on a quantitative approach. The research was carried out at “Permanent Comission of Evaluation”- CPA, which takes place at a state school in Salvador/Bahia. The study involved 30 teenage candidates and their respective parents/guardians who chose the CPA of the mentioned school to take the Supplementary Exams. In total, 60 people participated in this survey. Data collection was based on two semistructured script of interviews: one of them to the adolescents, and the other to their parents/guardians. The study was approved by the “Committee on Ethics Research” of the Catholic University of Salvador (UCSal). The participants were contacted and interviewed in the school environment. Data were analyzed constructing categories based on the obtained replies and based on the calculation of the respective percentages. The main results were: According to the parents/guardians of all social levels, the main perspective is that the adolescent should take the supplementary exams in order to regularize the school life or to anticipate the access to the University, and to finish high school as soon as possible, since there was a gap between age and grade. In turn, some adolescents think that their perspectives were focused on obtaining the certification and, consequently, on being able to access labour market more easily. Adolescents and their parents/guardians think that school is, mainly, a place of learning and of social interaction. Besides this, school consists of a place to access a better study and a better learning. Work is seen, besides other things, as a way of survival. For the most adolescents and their parents/guardians, family is considered the basis to everything. The participants value education, but it is necessary to adopt effective public policies in order to guarantee the quality of the schooling process to everyone which is part of a society that, every day, requires more qualification of their citizens.
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    Vínculo parental, autoridade e adolescências: caminhos e descaminhos para a “adaptação ativa à realidade”
    (Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2017-12-12) Avena, Maura Leite Espinheira; Petrini, Giancarlo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1018186216920083; Quiroga, Ana Pampliega de; Rabinovich, Elaine Pedreira; Milani, Feizi Masrour; Brito, Eliana Sales
    This study was developed from a multireferential approach to investigate the authority recognized in the parental relationship and its relation with the process of construction of the active adaptation to the reality of the adolescent. The theoretical-methodological repertoire perspective used was the Social Psychology (Psicologia Social) of Enrique Pichon-Rivière and so, the research was developed with 58 teenagers, 8th graders.¬ Period of a private school from Salvador/BA and 10 parents and/or guardians of these students. The study was carried out in three steps: in the first, 15 meetings were developed in which the methodology of the operative group was used with 18 adolescents belonging to one of the groups from the 8th grade. In the second step, the questionnaire was applied in the classroom with the 58 teenagers of the three classes from the 8th grade. So, open interviews were conducted with parents and/or guardians of these adolescents as part of the third step. The data analysis was carried out through the CSRO (Conceptual Schema Reference and Operation) and the analysis of content, considering the basic assumption that the active adaptation to the reality is a process and, therefore, It is built through the parental bond and social relations, through the communication and learning of some skills or competences that have been adopted as variables, such as: dialogue and communication capacity, ability to put yourself in someone's shoes, tolerance to frustration, ability to resolve conflicts and be able to adjust yourself to the reality in a critical way. Through the confrontation of the models and the parental educational practices with the skills and/or competences that have already been mentioned before, observed in the adolescents, it was possible to reach some final considerations. When there is a prevalence of power and therefore, of the authoritarianism as the basic characteristic of parental educational models, the conditions for the construction of the active adaptation to the reality of the adolescent children are not created. On the other hand, if parental authority is recognized through a democratic, participatory and cooperative model, the paths for the construction of this adaptation become possible. This study also highlighted the need for more researches related to the theme considering its complexity and its relevance to the family and social spheres.